上海八年级英语知识点 | 八种时态·被动语态·从句·阅读写作 | 考哪去
依据牛津上海版八年级英语教材,按板块整合 8 种时态对比、被动语态、状语从句、词汇短语、阅读写作策略和语法补充。
教材版本牛津上海版
学习单元12 个单元
核心语法8 种时态·被动语态·从句
目标词汇约 1600 词
第 1 章 · 八种时态对比
八年级要求掌握英语 8 种核心时态,重点辨析时态间的区别。
| 一般现在时 | 经常性、习惯性动作 | often, usually, every day | I go to school by bus. |
| 一般过去时 | 过去某时发生的动作 | yesterday, ago, last week, in 1990 | I went to Beijing last year. |
| 一般将来时 | 将来要发生的动作 | tomorrow, next week, will | I will visit my grandma. |
| 现在进行时 | 说话时或现阶段正在发生 | now, look, listen | I am reading a book now. |
| 过去进行时 | 过去某时正在发生 | at that time, when, while | I was reading when he called. |
| 现在完成时 | 过去发生并对现在有影响 | already, yet, just, ever, never, since, for | I have finished my homework. |
| 过去完成时 | 过去某时之前已经完成 | by, before, by the time | I had left before he arrived. |
| 过去将来时 | 从过去看将来 | would, was/were going to | He said he would come. |
第 2 章 · 被动语态
被动语态是中考语法热点,重点是结构、用法和时态变位。
基本结构
be + 过去分词(p.p.)+ (by + 动作执行者)
何时用
强调动作承受者,不知道/不必说出执行者时
常见时态
一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、现在完成、含情态
主动→被动
主动句的宾语变被动句的主语,谓语用 be + 过去分词
- 主谓宾 → 主谓:"他们建造了这座桥" → "这座桥被建造了"。
- 主动表被动:某些动词主动形式表被动(The book sells well. / The door won't open.)。
- 常用被动动词:be made(被制作)be born(出生)be known as(被称为)be used to(被用于)be covered with(被覆盖)。
- 中文翻译:被动句翻译为"被/遭/由……做"。
第 3 章 · 状语从句
状语从句是三大从句之一,重点是 9 种连词的辨析。
| 时间状语从句 | when, while, as, before, after, until, as soon as, since | When I came in, he was reading. |
| 原因状语从句 | because, since, as, for | I was late because I missed the bus. |
| 条件状语从句 | if, unless, as long as | If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home. |
| 结果状语从句 | so...that, such...that | He is so tall that he can reach the top. |
| 目的状语从句 | so that, in order that | He studies hard so that he can pass the exam. |
| 让步状语从句 | though, although, even though, even if | Although he is poor, he is happy. |
| 比较状语从句 | as...as, than | She is taller than I am. |
| 方式状语从句 | as, as if, as though | He speaks as if he knows everything. |
| 地点状语从句 | where, wherever | Stay where you are. |
第 4 章 · 核心词汇与短语
八年级词汇量要求 1600 词,按主题分类积累事半功倍。
| 学习与考试 | subject, score, exam, test, pass, fail, graduate | pass the exam, do well in, work hard at |
| 友谊与情感 | friend, lonely, share, support, trust, care | make friends with, care about, in trouble |
| 旅行与交通 | travel, journey, trip, flight, take off, land | by air, take a bus, on vacation |
| 健康与运动 | health, exercise, fit, strong, weak, tired | keep healthy, stay fit, feel tired |
| 科技与环境 | technology, invent, discover, pollution, environment | protect the environment, save energy |
第 5 章 · 阅读与写作策略
八年级阅读材料 250-300 词,写作要求 80-100 词,难度比七年级明显提升。
阅读题型
细节题、主旨题、推断题、词义猜测题、篇章结构题。
阅读方法
略读(Skimming)、扫读(Scanning)、细读(Careful reading)三种综合运用。
写作文体
记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文(邮件、便条、通知)。
写作评分
内容完整(30%)、语法正确(30%)、词汇丰富(20%)、书写工整(20%)。
第 6 章 · 重点语法补充
本节补充 4 个八年级易考语法点:动词不定式、感叹句、宾语从句、定语从句。
| 动词不定式 | to + 动词原形 | I want to be a doctor. |
| 感叹句 | What (a/an) + 名词 + 主谓!/ How + 形容词/副词 + 主谓! | What a beautiful flower! / How beautiful the flower is! |
| 宾语从句 | 主句 + that/if/wh- + 从句 | I think (that) he is right. |
| 定语从句 | 先行词 + 关系词 + 从句 | The book which I bought is interesting. |
第 7 章 · 学习方法
八年级英语学习的关键是积累和运用,建立"听说读写"的全方位能力。
- 每日 30 分钟:10 分钟朗读 + 10 分钟阅读 + 10 分钟写句子。
- 每周 1 套:完形 1 篇 + 阅读 2 篇 + 写作 1 篇。
- 每月 1 次:错题分类整理(语法/词汇/理解/书写)。
- 每学期 1 目标:词汇量 +200、阅读速度 +30%、写作从 3 档到 4 档。
第 8 章 · 典型例题精讲
通过 3 道典型例题,掌握时态填空、被动语态改写、状语从句选择三大核心题型。
- 考查类型 时态·被动·从句
- 难度 ★ ★ ★
第 9 章 · 上海中考真题演练
精选近年上海中考英语真题,提前适应中考难度。
- 真题来源 2020-2024 上海中考
- 题量 3 题
第 10 章 · 知识拓展:英语核心句型 30 句
本单元汇总中考高频核心句型,是英语写作提分的关键。
| 建议类 | You'd better / Why don't you / How about / I suggest | 提出建议 |
| 请求类 | Could you...? / Would you mind...? / May I...? | 礼貌请求 |
| 原因类 | because / the reason is that / is because | 说明原因 |
| 结果类 | so...that / such...that / as a result | 引出结果 |
| 比较类 | as...as / not as...as / the more...the more... | 比较 |
| 让步类 | Although / Even though / In spite of | 转折让步 |
| 强调类 | It is...that / do/does/did + V | 强调 |
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